

Now carefully look at these two words.

AL-QAMARu (remember it is u and not un) is normal, but when reading
AL-SHAMSu, the LAAM is skipped and SHEEN is read twice (i.e, Tashdeed is added to it).
Based upon this there are two kinds of alphabets in Arabic
1) SHAMSI : Which demonstrate the behaviour of SHEEN. These are:

2)QAMARI : Which demonstrate the behaviour of QAF. These are:

You need not memorize it, it will come by practice.